Total Permutation Powers
A permutation of can be represented in one-line notation as . If all permutations are written in lexicographic order then is the position of in this -based list.
For example, because the six permutations of in lexicographic order are:
Let be the sum , where ranges over all permutations of , and is the permutation arising from applying times.
For example, , , and .
Find . Give your answer modulo .
所有置换的幂
集合的任意置换可以用一行记法表示为。如果将所有个置换按字典序排列,那么即是置换在这个排列中的位置(从开始计数)。
例如,,因为的六个置换按字典序排列为:
令等于如下求和,其中取遍的所有置换,是指将置换应用次得到的置换。
已知,,,。
求,并对取余作为你的答案。
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